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Multiculturalism and the Construction of Ethnic Identities in Labour and Health Practices: Avoiding the Culturalistic Fallacy in Applied Research

機(jī)譯：多元文化主義與勞動(dòng)和衛(wèi)生實(shí)踐中的民族認(rèn)同建構(gòu)：避免應(yīng)用研究中的文化謬誤

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In applied health care research, an essentialised notion of culture is often used when studying ethnic disparities in health and health care access between the majority populations of Western countries and migrants, with ethnic backgrounds that differ from majority population. This notion of culture, however, is considered highly problematic in anthropology and ethnic studies. Therefore, in our research on Dutch illness certification practices, we employed a dynamic conceptualisation of culture. Our research shows that, in practice, when clients fail to meet the implicit norms of this practice, doctors ascribe this nonconformity differently when the client is a migrant than when he or she is a Dutch client. More specifically, when migrants fail to meet the norms, doctors are inclined to automatically ascribe this nonconformity to the assumed cultural background of the client. Consequently, these doctors feel less able to use the tools they normally use to coach their clients. This, in turn, results in more problematic and longer reintegration trajectories for migrants in comparison to Dutch clients in similar circumstances. In other words, framing the problems of migrants in terms of culture results in greater sick leave rates for migrants than for Dutch people. Clearly, culturalistic perspectives on ethnic differences have negative consequences. We therefore implore the application of a dynamic notion of culture in applied research.
機(jī)譯：在應(yīng)用衛(wèi)生保健研究中，當(dāng)研究西方國(guó)家多數(shù)人口與移民之間的民族差異與多數(shù)人口背景不同時(shí)，經(jīng)常使用本質(zhì)化的文化概念。然而，這種文化概念在人類(lèi)學(xué)和種族研究中被認(rèn)為是非常成問(wèn)題的。因此，在對(duì)荷蘭疾病認(rèn)證實(shí)踐的研究中，我們采用了動(dòng)態(tài)的文化概念。我們的研究表明，在實(shí)踐中，當(dāng)客戶未能滿足這種隱含的規(guī)范時(shí)，當(dāng)客戶是移民時(shí)，醫(yī)生將這種不合格歸因于其作為荷蘭客戶時(shí)的區(qū)別。更具體地說(shuō)，當(dāng)移民不符合規(guī)范時(shí)，醫(yī)生傾向于自動(dòng)將這種不符合歸因于服務(wù)對(duì)象的假定文化背景。因此，這些醫(yī)生感到無(wú)法使用他們通常用來(lái)指導(dǎo)客戶的工具。反過(guò)來(lái)，與類(lèi)似情況下的荷蘭客戶相比，這給移民帶來(lái)了更多問(wèn)題和更長(zhǎng)的重返社會(huì)軌跡。換句話說(shuō)，從文化的角度來(lái)界定移民問(wèn)題會(huì)導(dǎo)致移民的病假率高于荷蘭人。顯然，關(guān)于種族差異的文化主義觀點(diǎn)具有負(fù)面影響。因此，我們懇求在應(yīng)用研究中應(yīng)用動(dòng)態(tài)文化概念。

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