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首頁> 外文期刊>Ecology and Society: a journal of integrative science for resilience and sustainability >Participatory processes and support tools for planning in complex dynamic environments: a case study on web-GIS based participatory water resources planning in Almeria, Spain
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Participatory processes and support tools for planning in complex dynamic environments: a case study on web-GIS based participatory water resources planning in Almeria, Spain

機譯：復(fù)雜動態(tài)環(huán)境中的計劃參與過程和支持工具：西班牙阿爾梅里亞基于Web-GIS的參與性水資源計劃案例研究

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Democratization of water resources management through the involvement of stakeholders has been widely advocated over the past two decades. In light of mediocre results of such processes and severe criticism of the claimed benefits of stakeholder involvement, there is continued need for improving these processes and for supportive tools through which stakeholders can collaborate in decision making. In response to new European legal requirements, an innovative planning process was initiated to facilitate a productive dialog among stakeholders to develop a shared river basin management plan. This paper presents and discusses the results of action research on this participatory planning process in a semiarid river basin in Spain. We discuss: (1) to what extent participatory processes and tools address the needs of stakeholders and planners, (2) what enables or disables implementation in a complex socioeconomic reality, (3) to what extent the participatory approach leads to alignment with policy embodying a new water management paradigm, and (4) how tools can be flexible and their use adapted to changing contextual dynamics. Research results confirm the potential for increased participation assisted by web and GIS tools, however, such processes are highly sensitive to changing contexts as well as the mandate and continuity in support from management authorities. Fragmentation of responsibilities in the water arena and the weak interpretation of the coordinating role of the water administration undermine the democratic ruling sought for by public participation. Improved methodologies to evaluate and improve the effectiveness of participation are required, and tools need to be flexible in design and used in a facilitated participatory process, adaptable to changing contextual dynamics.
機譯：在過去的二十年中，人們廣泛主張通過利益相關(guān)者的參與使水資源管理民主化。鑒于此類過程的結(jié)果平庸，并且對利益相關(guān)者參與帶來的好處提出了嚴(yán)厲批評，因此繼續(xù)需要改進(jìn)這些過程以及支持工具，利益相關(guān)者可以通過這些工具進(jìn)行決策。為響應(yīng)新的歐洲法律要求，啟動了創(chuàng)新的計劃流程，以促進(jìn)利益相關(guān)者之間進(jìn)行富有成效的對話，以制定共同的流域管理計劃。本文介紹并討論了在西班牙半干旱流域進(jìn)行的這種參與式計劃過程的行動研究結(jié)果。我們討論：（1）參與過程和工具在多大程度上滿足了利益相關(guān)者和計劃者的需求;（2）在復(fù)雜的社會經(jīng)濟現(xiàn)實中，什么因素使實現(xiàn)或禁用實施;（3）參與性方法在何種程度上導(dǎo)致與政策體現(xiàn)的一致性一個新的水管理范例，以及（4）工具如何靈活以及如何適應(yīng)不斷變化的環(huán)境動態(tài)。研究結(jié)果證實了在Web和GIS工具的幫助下增加參與的潛力，但是，這樣的過程對于不斷變化的環(huán)境以及管理當(dāng)局的授權(quán)和持續(xù)性高度敏感。水領(lǐng)域責(zé)任分散，對水行政管理協(xié)調(diào)作用的理解不力，破壞了公眾參與所尋求的民主裁決。需要用于評估和提高參與有效性的改進(jìn)方法，并且工具必須靈活設(shè)計并在促進(jìn)參與過程中使用，以適應(yīng)不斷變化的環(huán)境動態(tài)。

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