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Expression and Significance of CYR61 Expression in Breast Cancer Tumor Specimens

機譯：CYR61在乳腺癌腫瘤標本中的表達及意義

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Breast cancer often progresses from an estrogen (ER)-dependent, non- metastatic, antiestrogen-sensitive phenotype to an ER-independent, antiestrogen- resistant, highly invasive, and metastatic phenotype. To develop this aggressive phenotype, cells must circumvent normal tissue constraints and lose normal regulation of genes that control tissue homeostasis. Several prognostic markers in human breast cancers have been reported. Prediction of breast cancer recurrence can be assessed based on the size of the tumor, number of lymph nodes involved, estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PgR) status, and histological grade. It is known that adjuvant therapy improves long-term survival in breast cancer patients. In contrast to the invasive ER-negative breast carcinomas, the axillary nodenegative (ANN) breast cancer patients have a good prognosis; nevertheless, there is still an appreciable relapse rate. In general, adjuvant treatments benefit some patients with node-negative disease. However, large numbers of women (including those in whom no recurrence will occur) are treated in order to benefit those who will relapse. Thus, to reduce the toxicity and improve the efficacy of the drugs, we must identity appropriate adjuvant treatments for different groups of patients, and we should be able thereby to improve our predictions regarding which group of patents will benefit a treatment. We have identified Cyr6l, a member of a family of cysteine-rich secreted proteins. Cyr6l binds to the alphavP3 integrin and mediates cell attachment, adhesion, migration, extracellular matrix signaling, and angiogenesis. Cyr6l is expressed in all of the tumorigenic and metastatic breast cancer cell lines. We have shown that Cyr6l promotes antiestrogen resistance and that Cyr6l is expressed in 30% of human breast carcinomas, and that its expression correlates with HRG-expression and with the lack of ER expression.

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