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Impact of partial and imperfect testing on reliability assessment of safety instrumented systems - Possible approaches for inclusion of its effects in reliability assessments

機(jī)譯：部分和不完善測(cè)試對(duì)安全儀表系統(tǒng)可靠性評(píng)估的影響-將其影響納入可靠性評(píng)估的可能方法

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摘要

Testing of safety instrumented systems is vital to ensure they are able to perform the required safety function when the need arises. These tests are carried out at specified time intervals. The verification of the ability of the safety systems to perform as required is carried out by reliability assessment. This is the calculation of how likely it is that the safety instrumented system will function when needed.In carrying out reliability assessment, proof testing of safety systems is assumed to be perfect which is not always the case in reality. This thesis is important because it looks at how to evaluate this assumption to achieve a realistic estimate since testing is a key factor in reliability calculation. This study identifies the main causes of imperfectness which are classified with the five M-factors namely: Method, Machine, Manpower, Milieu and Material. Based on these, the situations where perfect test may not be realistic with examples are reviewed and documented.I have studied and compared different ways that the effects of tests can be treated. Three approaches to consider imperfectness of test were identified: the IEC 61508 approach where we consider the proportion (fraction) of dangerous undetected failures that are revealed by the proof test, the probability of detecting a dangerous undetected failure during a given proof test and the PDS method of adding a constant probability of test independent failures. The analysis carried out compared the first and second approach. Based on the analysis, the second approach was proposed to be the most suitable of the first two approaches.Furthermore, we present different reliability assessment methods for estimating the probabilityof failure on demand of a safety system. The methods used are: analytical formulas, multi-phase Markov, fault tree approach and Petri net. The principles of application and limitation with each of these approaches are presented in this thesis. In the course of this work, we discovered that some complicated cases and systems can only be analyzed by simulation. Finally, a chemical reactor protection system is used as a case study to demonstrate the principles and methods discussed in this thesis.
機(jī)譯：安全儀表系統(tǒng)的測(cè)試對(duì)于確保在需要時(shí)能夠執(zhí)行所需的安全功能至關(guān)重要。這些測(cè)試以指定的時(shí)間間隔進(jìn)行。通過(guò)可靠性評(píng)估對(duì)安全系統(tǒng)按要求執(zhí)行的能力進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證。這是對(duì)安全儀表系統(tǒng)在需要時(shí)起作用的可能性的計(jì)算。在進(jìn)行可靠性評(píng)估時(shí)，假定對(duì)安全系統(tǒng)的證明測(cè)試是完美的，但實(shí)際情況并非總是如此。由于測(cè)試是可靠性計(jì)算中的關(guān)鍵因素，因此本論文很重要，因?yàn)樗塾谌绾卧u(píng)估此假設(shè)以實(shí)現(xiàn)實(shí)際估計(jì)。這項(xiàng)研究確定了不完美的主要原因，這些不完美的原因分為五個(gè)M因子：方法，機(jī)器，人力，Milieu和材料。在此基礎(chǔ)上，回顧并記錄了可能無(wú)法通過(guò)示例進(jìn)行完美測(cè)試的情況。我研究并比較了可以處理測(cè)試效果的不同方法。確定了三種考慮測(cè)試不完善性的方法：IEC 61508方法，其中我們考慮了由證明測(cè)試揭示的危險(xiǎn)未檢測(cè)到的故障的比例（分?jǐn)?shù)），在給定的證明測(cè)試期間檢測(cè)到危險(xiǎn)未檢測(cè)到的故障的概率以及PDS一種增加獨(dú)立于測(cè)試失敗概率的方法。進(jìn)行的分析比較了第一種方法和第二種方法。在分析的基礎(chǔ)上，第二種方法被認(rèn)為是前兩種方法中最合適的。此外，我們提出了不同的可靠性評(píng)估方法來(lái)估計(jì)安全系統(tǒng)需求時(shí)的失效概率。所使用的方法是：解析公式，多相馬爾可夫，故障樹(shù)方法和Petri網(wǎng)。本文介紹了每種方法的應(yīng)用原理和局限性。在這項(xiàng)工作的過(guò)程中，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)某些復(fù)雜的案例和系統(tǒng)只能通過(guò)仿真來(lái)分析。最后，以化學(xué)反應(yīng)器保護(hù)系統(tǒng)為例，論證了本文討論的原理和方法。

著錄項(xiàng)

  • 作者

    Ocheni Eleojo Samuel;

  • 作者單位
  • 年度 2015
  • 總頁(yè)數(shù)
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文語(yǔ)種 eng
  • 中圖分類(lèi)

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