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Permeability and Water Saturation Distribution by Lithologic Facies and Hydraulic Units: A Reservoir Simulation Case Study

機(jī)譯：巖性面和液壓裝置的滲透性和水飽和度分布：儲(chǔ)層模擬案例研究

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In a large clastic reservoir of Saudi Arabia, rock typing by rock-quality-index (RQI) and flow-zone-indicator (FZI) proved to be an effective technique to develop porositypermeability transforms for 8 lithologic facies in a reservoir model. Moreover, capillary pressure and relative permeability curves could be grouped into defined rock types as well. This technique provided an effective tool to distribute permeability, initial water saturation, relative permeability, and residual oil saturation per lithologic facie. Conventional core porosity and permeability data were used to determine FZI for each core. The FZI was manipulated mathematically to group into hydraulic units (HU) in distinct integers. Each HU was then correlated to corresponding defined lithologic facies. The resulted porosity-permeability transform for each facie was applied to distribute permeability in the reservoir model. Relative permeability and capillary pressure curves also clustered together in corresponding HUs. Confidence levels in distribution of initial water saturation and residual oil saturations were increased due to this HU rock typing. Series of J function and relative permeability curves for 8 facies were applied in the 1.4 million gridblocks reservoir simulation model. Distributed permeability and initial water saturations were validated against pressure transient analyses, core and well log data, and proved to be in excellent agreements. As a result, the uncertainty associated with petrophysical parameters was greatly reduced. The simulation model developed with the combination of HU rock typing and lithologic facies provided a higher history matching statistic (~70%) for 500 wells in a couple of weeks using assisted history matching method where facies-based petrophysical and aquifer parameters were globally modified in very narrow ranges. This paper presents through a case study the methodology applied for generating permeability and water saturation distribution by lithologic facies and hydraulic units and its impact on simulation history match and future prediction.
機(jī)譯：在沙特阿拉伯的一個(gè)大型碎屑儲(chǔ)層中，通過巖石質(zhì)量指數(shù)（RQI）和流量區(qū)指示器（FZI）的巖石打字是一種有效的技術(shù)，可以在儲(chǔ)層模型中開發(fā)8個(gè)巖性相的型巖性折射率變換。此外，毛細(xì)管壓力和相對(duì)滲透性曲線也可以分為定義的巖石類型。該技術(shù)提供了每種巖性面部分配滲透率，初始水飽和度，相對(duì)滲透性和殘留油飽和度的有效工具。常規(guī)核心孔隙率和滲透性數(shù)據(jù)用于確定每個(gè)核心的FZI。 FZI以不同整數(shù)的數(shù)學(xué)方式操縱到液壓?jiǎn)卧℉U）。然后將每個(gè)Hu與相應(yīng)的定義的巖性相連相關(guān)。所得到的每種面部的孔隙率滲透性變換被應(yīng)用于分布儲(chǔ)層模型中的滲透性。相對(duì)滲透性和毛細(xì)管壓力曲線也在相應(yīng)的HUS中聚集在一起。由于這種HU巖石打字，增加了初始水飽和度和殘留油飽和度的分布的置信水平。在140萬格柵儲(chǔ)層仿真模型中應(yīng)用了8個(gè)相對(duì)8個(gè)相機(jī)的J功能和相對(duì)滲透曲線。分布式滲透率和初始水飽和度因壓力瞬態(tài)分析，核心和良好的日志數(shù)據(jù)驗(yàn)證，并被證明是良好的協(xié)議。結(jié)果，大大減少了與巖石物理參數(shù)相關(guān)的不確定性。利用基于各種巖石物理和含水層參數(shù)的輔助歷史匹配方法，使用基于相片的巖石物理和含水層參數(shù)的輔助歷史匹配方法，在HU巖石打字和巖巖間相結(jié)合的仿真統(tǒng)計(jì)統(tǒng)計(jì)（?70％）提供了500個(gè)孔的歷史統(tǒng)計(jì)統(tǒng)計(jì)（?70％）非常窄的范圍。本文通過案例研究介紹了通過巖性相和液壓裝置產(chǎn)生滲透性和水飽和度分布的方法及其對(duì)模擬歷史匹配和未來預(yù)測(cè)的影響。

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