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首頁> 外文學位 >The Ecology of Free-Roaming Domestic Dogs in Rural Villages near Serengeti National Park in Tanzania.
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The Ecology of Free-Roaming Domestic Dogs in Rural Villages near Serengeti National Park in Tanzania.

機譯：坦桑尼亞塞倫蓋蒂國家公園附近鄉(xiāng)村中的自由流動家犬生態(tài)。

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摘要

Free-roaming dogs, Canis lupus familiaris, can be both a public health and conservation concern. Between 2010 and 2013 we identified 2,649 dogs in four rural villages in Tanzania. We characterized dog demography and ownership practices and investigated whether vaccination influences dog population dynamics. We found that adult dogs had higher survival than puppies in all villages. We observed a male-biased sex ratio across all age classes and higher adult male dog survival. Within the vaccination villages, vaccinated dogs had a decreased risk of death. However, overall mortality in one non-vaccination village was significantly higher than in the two vaccination villages and other non-vaccination village. Dogs in poor body condition had lower survival than dogs in ideal body condition in all villages. Sickness and spotted hyena, Crocuta crocuta, predation were the two main causes of dog death. Reproductive patterns were similar between vaccination and non-vaccination villages and we observed an overall male-biased litter sex ratio regardless of the mother's body condition. Dogs were owned and used primarily for livestock and household protection. We found that dog ownership was related to livestock ownership, household size, education, and house type. Thus, the number of dogs increases with household wealth. Stable isotope analyses of dog hair confirmed survey data and indicated that dogs were fed primarily a corn-based diet similar to human diet in the villages.Free-roaming domestic dogs in rural communities exist in the context of their human owners as well as the surrounding wildlife. Our results demonstrate that vaccination alone does not impact domestic dog population dynamics and that they may be mediated by humans. Understanding the role of dogs and their care within these communities is important for planning and implement rabies control measures such as mass dog vaccination.
機譯：自由漫游的犬種“天狼犬”可能既是公共健康問題，也是保護環(huán)境問題。在2010年至2013年之間，我們在坦桑尼亞的四個鄉(xiāng)村發(fā)現(xiàn)了2649只狗。我們表征了狗的人口統(tǒng)計學和所有權(quán)做法，并調(diào)查了疫苗接種是否會影響狗的種群動態(tài)。我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，在所有村莊中，成年犬的存活率均高于幼犬。我們觀察到所有年齡段的男性偏向性別比，成年雄性狗的存活率更高。在疫苗接種村中，接種疫苗的狗的死亡風險降低。但是，一個非疫苗接種村的總體死亡率顯著高于兩個疫苗接種村和其他非疫苗接種村的死亡率。在所有村莊中，身體狀況較差的狗的存活率均低于理想狀況的狗。疾病和斑鬣狗，鱷鱷，捕食是導致狗死亡的兩個主要原因。疫苗接種村和非疫苗接種村的生殖方式相似，我們觀察到總體上男性偏見的同窩性別比與母親的身體狀況無關。狗歸狗所有，主要用于牲畜和家庭保護。我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，狗的所有權(quán)與牲畜的所有權(quán)，家庭規(guī)模，教育程度和房屋類型有關。因此，狗的數(shù)量隨著家庭財富的增加而增加。對狗毛進行穩(wěn)定的同位素分析證實了調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)，并表明這些狗主要以玉米為基礎的飲食喂養(yǎng)，與村莊中的人類飲食類似。農(nóng)村社區(qū)的自由漫游家犬存在于人類主人和周圍環(huán)境中野生動物。我們的結(jié)果表明，僅接種疫苗并不會影響家犬的種群動態(tài)，而且可能由人介導。了解狗在這些社區(qū)中的作用及其護理對于計劃和實施狂犬病控制措施（例如大規(guī)模的狗疫苗接種）非常重要。

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  • 作者

    Czupryna, Anna M.;

  • 作者單位

    University of Illinois at Chicago.;

  • 授予單位 University of Illinois at Chicago.;
  • 學科 Ecology.
  • 學位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2017
  • 頁碼 215 p.
  • 總頁數(shù) 215
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文語種 eng
  • 中圖分類 遙感技術;
  • 關鍵詞

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