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Ecology and Demography of Free-Roaming Domestic Dogs in Rural Villages near Serengeti National Park in Tanzania

機(jī)譯：坦桑尼亞塞倫蓋蒂國(guó)家公園附近鄉(xiāng)村的自由流動(dòng)家犬的生態(tài)學(xué)和人口統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)

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Free-roaming dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) are of public health and conservation concern because of their potential to transmit diseases, such as rabies, to both people and wildlife. Understanding domestic dog population dynamics and how they could potentially be impacted by interventions, such as rabies vaccination, is vital for such disease control efforts. For four years, we measured demographic data on 2,649 free-roaming domestic dogs in four rural villages in Tanzania: two villages with and two without a rabies vaccination campaign. We examined the effects of body condition, sex, age and village on survivorship and reproduction. Furthermore, we compared sources of mortality among villages. We found that adult dogs (>12mos) had higher survival than puppies in all villages. We observed a male-biased sex ratio across all age classes. Overall survival in one non-vaccination village was lower than in the other three villages, all of which had similar survival probabilities. In all villages, dogs in poor body condition had lower survival than dogs in ideal body condition. Sickness and spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta) predation were the two main causes of dog death. Within vaccination villages, vaccinated dogs had higher survivorship than unvaccinated dogs. Dog population growth, however, was similar in all the villages suggesting village characteristics and ownership practices likely have a greater impact on overall dog population dynamics than vaccination. Free-roaming domestic dogs in rural communities exist in the context of their human owners as well as the surrounding wildlife. Our results did not reveal a clear effect of vaccination programs on domestic dog population dynamics. An investigation of the role of dogs and their care within these communities could provide additional insight for planning and implementing rabies control measures such as mass dog vaccination.
機(jī)譯：自由漫游犬（Canis lupus friendlyis）因其可能將狂犬病等疾病傳播給人和野生動(dòng)植物而備受公眾健康和保護(hù)。了解家養(yǎng)犬的種群動(dòng)態(tài)以及它們?nèi)绾问艿娇袢∫呙缃臃N等干預(yù)措施的潛在影響，對(duì)于此類疾病控制工作至關(guān)重要。四年來(lái)，我們?cè)谔股Ｄ醽喌乃膫€(gè)鄉(xiāng)村中測(cè)量了2649只自由漫游的家犬的人口統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)：兩個(gè)有狂犬病疫苗接種的村莊和兩個(gè)沒有狂犬病疫苗接種的村莊。我們研究了身體狀況，性別，年齡和村莊對(duì)生存和繁殖的影響。此外，我們比較了村莊之間的死亡率來(lái)源。我們發(fā)現(xiàn)在所有村莊中，成年犬（> 12mos）的存活率均高于幼犬。我們觀察到所有年齡段的男性性別比例均偏高。一個(gè)非疫苗接種村莊的總體生存率低于其他三個(gè)村莊，它們的生存率均相似。在所有村莊中，身體狀況較差的狗的存活率均低于理想身體狀況的狗。疾病和斑點(diǎn)鬣狗（Crocuta crocuta）的捕食是導(dǎo)致狗死亡的兩個(gè)主要原因。在疫苗接種村中，接種疫苗的狗的存活率要高于未接種疫苗的狗。但是，在所有村莊中，狗的數(shù)量增長(zhǎng)都是相似的，這表明村莊特征和主人翁作風(fēng)對(duì)總體狗數(shù)量動(dòng)態(tài)的影響可能要大于接種疫苗。在農(nóng)村社區(qū)中，自由漫游的家犬存在于人類主人以及周圍的野生動(dòng)物的環(huán)境中。我們的結(jié)果沒有顯示疫苗接種方案對(duì)家犬種群動(dòng)態(tài)的明顯影響。對(duì)狗在這些社區(qū)中的作用及其護(hù)理的調(diào)查可以為規(guī)劃和實(shí)施狂犬病控制措施（例如大規(guī)模狗疫苗接種）提供更多見解。

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