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Ecological consequences of genetic variation in foraging behaviors of a predatory mite.

機(jī)譯：遺傳變異對捕食性螨的覓食行為的生態(tài)影響。

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Foraging traits such as prey consumption rate and the efficiency with which predators convert their prey into offspring are important determinants of local predator-prey dynamics. However, in environments with patchy prey distribution, predator dispersal and aggregation in response to prey-induced volatile cues becomes more critical. My dissertation addressed predator-prey population dynamics in response to variation in four foraging traits in the predatory mite, Phytoseiulus persimilis (Acari: Phytoseiidae): consumption rate, conversion efficiency, dispersal, and olfactory response related to prey.;The dispersal response and olfactory sensitivity in predatory mites is modified by prey-related cues. For example, the dispersal response increased with decreasing prey density in a patch and increasing prey-related volatiles from outside the prey patch. The olfactory response of predatory mites also increased with increasing numbers of prey per plant or with the length of time a plant was infested by prey. These results formed the basis for development of bioassays used to examine genetic variation in dispersal and olfactory response of predatory mites.;Through artificial selection I documented additive genetic variation in all four traits. After relaxation of selection, high-level phenotypes were stable compared to their low counterparts. There were significant genetic correlations between some of the foraging traits. However, there were no correlations between foraging traits and life-history traits. The existence of genetic variation and covariation among the foraging traits suggests that predatory mites must be able to adopt different foraging strategies in the evolution of prey-finding in a tritrophic system.;High consumption, high conversion efficiency and high dispersal response phenotypes interacted differently with prey in a spatially complex landscape. All foraging traits were comparable in terms of predator-prey densities and plant damage; but they were lower than the unselected control. Spatial association and correlation analysis showed that all foraging traits were positively associated with prey; but the strongest association was observed for the high conversion efficiency and dispersal lines. The variability in foraging behaviors of the predatory mite affects its ability to locate patchily distributed prey, thereby influencing foraging efficiency and population dynamics. This research provides new information about the critical link between predator foraging and population dynamics relevant to biological control.
機(jī)譯：諸如獵物消耗率和捕食者將獵物轉(zhuǎn)化為后代的效率之類的覓食特征是當(dāng)?shù)夭妒痴?獵物動(dòng)態(tài)的重要決定因素。但是，在獵物分布不規(guī)則的環(huán)境中，響應(yīng)于獵物引起的揮發(fā)性線索，捕食者的擴(kuò)散和聚集變得更加關(guān)鍵。我的論文針對捕食性螨（Phytoseiulus persimilis（Acari：Phytoseiidae））的四種覓食性狀的變化對捕食者-獵物種群動(dòng)態(tài)的響應(yīng)：消費(fèi)率，轉(zhuǎn)化效率，與獵物有關(guān)的擴(kuò)散和嗅覺反應(yīng)；分散反應(yīng)和嗅覺。掠食性螨的敏感性會(huì)因與獵物有關(guān)的提示而改變。例如，擴(kuò)散響應(yīng)隨貼片中獵物密度的降低和來自獵物貼片外部與獵物相關(guān)的揮發(fā)物的增加而增加。捕食性螨的嗅覺響應(yīng)也隨著每棵植物中獵物數(shù)量的增加或植物被獵物侵?jǐn)_的時(shí)間長度而增加。這些結(jié)果為開發(fā)用于檢測捕食性螨的擴(kuò)散和嗅覺反應(yīng)的遺傳變異的生物測定法奠定了基礎(chǔ)。通過人工選擇，我記錄了所有四個(gè)性狀的加性遺傳變異。放松選擇后，高水平的表型與低水平的表型相比是穩(wěn)定的。一些覓食性狀之間存在顯著的遺傳相關(guān)性。但是，覓食性狀和生活史性狀之間沒有相關(guān)性。覓食性狀之間存在遺傳變異和協(xié)變，這表明掠食性螨在三營養(yǎng)系統(tǒng)的食餌尋找過程中必須能夠采用不同的覓食策略。高消耗，高轉(zhuǎn)化效率和高分散反應(yīng)表型與不同養(yǎng)分的相互作用在空間復(fù)雜的景觀中捕食。就捕食者-獵物的密度和植物損害而言，所有覓食性狀均具有可比性。但它們低于未選擇的對照?？臻g關(guān)聯(lián)和相關(guān)性分析表明，所有覓食性狀均與獵物成正相關(guān)。但觀察到最強(qiáng)的關(guān)聯(lián)是高轉(zhuǎn)化效率和分散線。捕食性螨的覓食行為的可變性會(huì)影響其定位零星分布的獵物的能力，從而影響覓食效率和種群動(dòng)態(tài)。這項(xiàng)研究提供了有關(guān)捕食者覓食和與生物控制有關(guān)的種群動(dòng)態(tài)之間的關(guān)鍵聯(lián)系的新信息。

著錄項(xiàng)

  • 作者

    Nachappa, Punya.;

  • 作者單位

    Kansas State University.;

  • 授予單位 Kansas State University.;
  • 學(xué)科 Biology Entomology.
  • 學(xué)位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2008
  • 頁碼 204 p.
  • 總頁數(shù) 204
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文語種 eng
  • 中圖分類 昆蟲學(xué);
  • 關(guān)鍵詞

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