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Electrochemical Immunosensors for Detection of Cancer Protein Biomarkers

機(jī)譯：用于檢測(cè)癌癥蛋白質(zhì)生物標(biāo)志物的電化學(xué)免疫傳感器

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Bioanalytical methods have experienced unprecedented growth in recent years, driven in large part by the need for faster, more sensitive, more portable (“point of care”) systems to detect protein biomarkers for clinical diagnosis. Electrochemical detection strategies, used in conjunction with immunosensors, offer advantages, because they are fast, simple, and low cost. Recent developments in electrochemical immunosensors have significantly improved the sensitivity needed to detect low concentrations of biomarkers present in early stages of cancer. Moreover, the coupling of electrochemical devices with nanomaterials, such as gold nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, magnetic particles, and quantum dots, offers multiplexing capability for simultaneous measurements of multiple cancer biomarkers. This review will discuss recent advances in the development of electrochemical immunosensors for the next-generation of cancer diagnostics, with an emphasis on opportunities for further improvement in cancer diagnostics and treatment monitoring. Details will be given for strategies to increase sensitivity through multi-label amplification, coupled with high densities of capture molecules on sensor surfaces. Such sensors are capable of detecting a wide range of protein quantities, from ng to fg (depending on the protein biomarkers of interest), in a single sample.
機(jī)譯：近年來(lái)，由于需要更快，更靈敏，更便攜（“護(hù)理點(diǎn)”）系統(tǒng)來(lái)檢測(cè)蛋白質(zhì)生物標(biāo)志物以進(jìn)行臨床診斷，生物分析方法經(jīng)歷了前所未有的增長(zhǎng)。與免疫傳感器結(jié)合使用的電化學(xué)檢測(cè)策略具有優(yōu)勢(shì)，因?yàn)樗鼈兛焖?，?jiǎn)單且成本低。電化學(xué)免疫傳感器的最新發(fā)展顯著提高了檢測(cè)癌癥早期存在的低濃度生物標(biāo)志物所需的靈敏度。此外，電化學(xué)裝置與納米材料（例如金納米顆粒，碳納米管，磁性顆粒和量子點(diǎn)）的耦合為同時(shí)測(cè)量多種癌癥生物標(biāo)記物提供了復(fù)用能力。這篇綜述將討論用于下一代癌癥診斷的電化學(xué)免疫傳感器開發(fā)的最新進(jìn)展，重點(diǎn)是進(jìn)一步改善癌癥診斷和治療監(jiān)測(cè)的機(jī)會(huì)。將詳細(xì)介紹通過多標(biāo)記擴(kuò)增以及在傳感器表面上捕獲分子的密度較高來(lái)提高靈敏度的策略。這樣的傳感器能??夠在單個(gè)樣品中檢測(cè)從ng到fg的大量蛋白質(zhì)量（取決于目標(biāo)蛋白質(zhì)生物標(biāo)志物）。

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